When electric vehicles (EVs) are interconnected to the electric power system, they are capable of providing grid support functions similar to other distributed energy resources (DER), particularly energy storage units, while still not impacting any more than necessary their primary purpose of charging their batteries in a timely manner. In aggregate, such as in fleets, in community aggregations, or in microgrids, EVs can not only benefit grid operations, but, if not managed well, cause grid problems.

This document provides various use cases as examples of how EVs might be used as DERs. Since regulations, EVs, charging stations, and power systems are vastly different across the world, this document does not attempt to define any specific mechanism for EVs to provide DER grid support functions, but rather draws on IEC 61850-7-420 that defines the data models for most of the DER grid support functions, including those described in electric power requirements in IEEE Std 1547TM-2018 and EN 50549.

It is expected that IEC 61850-7-420 will utilize these use cases to develop EV-specific data models for "EV as DER" as needed, and that other standards such as the IEC 63110, ISO 15118, and the IEC 63382 series1 will be revised or will otherwise accommodate the results of these "EV as DER" requirements.

Clearly contractual arrangements will need to be made with all relevant stakeholders on which EVs, under what conditions, with which functions, and when permitted. However, those contractual arrangements are outside the scope of this document, which addresses only the technical aspects of EVs as DER.

Cybersecurity for EVs as DER is important but is not in the scope of this document.

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